The Korowai, also called the Kolufo, are a people of southeastern West Papua – that is, in the Indonesian Province of Papua, close to the border with Papua New Guinea). They number about 3,000. It is possible that the Korowai were unaware of the existence of any people besides themselves, before outsiders made contact with them in 1970.
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Given the extensive and complicated history of human migration within Africa, being the "first peoples in a land" is not a necessary precondition for acceptance as an indigenous people. Rather, indigenous identity relates more to a set of characteristics and practices than priority of arrival. For example, several populations of nomadic peoples such as the Tuareg of the Sahara and Sahel regions now inhabit areas where they arrived comparatively recently; their claim to indigenous status (endorsed by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights) is based on their marginalization as nomadic peoples in states and territories dominated by sedentary agricultural peoples.